Interview Questions
- Zambia has shown increasing momentum in renewable energy adoption. What are the key drivers behind this boom in the PV sector?
Zambia’s recent boom in the PV (photovoltaic) sector can be attributed to the population search for alternative energy sources to light up their homes and power businesses as the country continues to experience unreliable national electricity supply, and limited grid access.
The country has been experiencing climate-induced droughts which affected Hydropower generation, causing fluctuations in Kafue and Zambezi River, and leading to concern about grid stability and vulnerability of Hydro power. The government in response, has undertaken a series of progressive actions to diversify the energy mix, promote renewable solar energy adoption and encourage green investment.
- How has government policy and support shaped the solar energy landscape in Zambia? Are there any notable programs or incentives in place?
The Zambian government has actively been pursuing a supportive ecosystem for solar energy development, driving both the growth of the sector and diversification of the country’s energy mix. This support has significantly shaped the solar energy landscape, fostering increased investment and adoption through various policies, programs and incentives.
Some of the key initiatives include the National Energy Policy 2019, which incentivizes private sector participation, and the Renewable Energy Strategy and Action Plan (RESAP 2022), which provides a comprehensive roadmap for the adoption of renewable energy technologies. The Energy Efficiency Strategy and Action Plan (EESAP 2022) aims to optimize energy use across economic, financial, social, and environmental dimensions, positioning Zambia as a potential net energy exporter. In 2024, the government introduced the open access policy to attract Independent Power Producers (IPPs), and the Net metering policy to increase adoption of solar energy at household level.
In addition, the Zambia government has also implemented Statutory Instruments (SIs), to exempt solar PV modules, solar accessories and lithium-ion batteries from customs duty and VAT. There’s also exemption from obtaining a ERB license for Mini-grid projects of less than 500Kw installed capacity if solely for own use.
These government policy initiatives, along with the Securities and Exchange Commission of Zambia introduction of the green bond issuance guidelines in 2020, have been critical in driving Zambia’s transition to a sustainable energy landscape and attracting green investments. For instance, the successful issuance and listing of Zambia’s first green bond in 2023 for the Copperbelt Energy Corporation Plc (CEC) has opened new avenues for innovative financing, facilitating financing for green and sustainability-linked investments.
- Are there specific regions or sectors in Zambia that present untapped potential for solar energy deployment?
The limited grid access in rural areas, particularly in regions with higher solar radiation such as western, southern, Northern and Luapula proivinces presents massive opportunity for off-grid energy investments. The off-grid sector has a high growth potential due to the low population density and limited electricity access in rural areas.
The agriculture sector is experiencing substantial growth, driven by rising domestic demand and expanding export opportunities. The country’s push for modernization of agriculture, especially with increased irrigation and mechanization by commercial farmers has driven up energy demand. There’s also emerging growth in the Agro-processing and food manufacturing activities in Zambia. This present significant opportunities for solar energy and energy efficiency solutions to bolster growth and competitiveness, with the added potential to mitigate food waste and enhance the trade balance.
The commercial and industrial sector in Zambia shows significant potential for increased energy demand for various energy use applications and opportunities for energy efficiency improvements, driven by the need for reliable power supplies, cost savings, access to markets, and alignment with national strategies. The commercial and industrial sectors’ energy demand is set to increase from 257 MW in 2020 to 984 MW by 2050, a 283% rise according to the IRP.
The tourism sector presents a growing demand for renewable energy and energy-efficient solutions, driven by the need to improve sustainability, lower operational costs, and access eco-conscious market segments. In Zambia’s tourism sector, the demand for renewable energy and energy efficiency solutions is driven by the need for eco-friendly Safari lodges and tourist facilities to enhance their sustainability, reduce business operational costs, and provide a superior guest the best experience.
The residential and public sectors present substantial opportunities for energy demand growth and energy efficiency advancements, driven by the need for stable, cost-effective electricity as well as cooking, heating and cooling solutions. Zambia’s residential and public sectors present an opportunity for SMEs and investors in the energy sector, driven by rapid urbanization, rising living standards, and ambitious government renewable energy programs such as; Zesco Microgen scheme, developer initiated IPPs and Presidential solar initiative.
Zambia’s growing mining sector presents an enticing opportunity for energy-focused investors. The industry faces the crucial challenge of securing reliable power for its operations while also contending with escalating fossil fuel costs and environmental concerns. The energy demand in the mining sector is projected to grow from 886 MW in 2020 to 2,052 MW by 2050 according to Zambia’s IRP. This increase is driven by the projected rise in copper production to 3 million tonnes per annum by 2040. Additional mining activities for minerals such as manganese, tin, gold, and lithium also contribute to the growing demand.
- What is Jinko Solar’s current footprint in Zambia, and how has it evolved over the past few years?
Jinko Solar’s has established a significant presence in Zambia particularly in the DG and utility segments. Effectively we have been commanding the leading position in the DG. As a manufacturer, we are primarily focused on supplying solar modules and battery energy storage solutions. To ensure a consistent product availability and that we are effectively addressing the local demand, Jinko collaborates with the appointed local distributors, EPCs and IPPs in Zambia.
- How does Jinko tailor its product portfolio (e.g., N-type,) to meet the unique needs of the Zambian market?
Through strategic local relationships Jinko provide tailored product solutions for different sectors and effectively convey value proposition. To meet the unique needs of the Zambian end client, our N-type TOPCon Tiger neo modules focus on high efficiency, low degradation, and cost-effectiveness which ensures long-term stable power generation. This is achieved through a combination of advanced technology, robust construction, and a focus on minimizing long-term maintenance and replacement costs. This is crucial for maximizing energy output as Zambia experiences varying degrees of sunlight throughout the year. The efficiency of the modules also translates to lower costs per kilowatt-hour, making Jinko solar pv modules competitive in the market.
- What are some of the key challenges you face in growing the PV market in Zambia? Are they more technical, financial, or regulatory in nature?
The key challenges in growing Zambia’s PV solar market are multifaceted, encompassing financial, technical skills and shortage of strong large EPC players. Although all these present obstacles, financial challenges often appear as the most immediate and pressing concern, alongside technical deficiencies and lack of strong EPC players in the market.
The increased import costs because of weaken kwacha to a dollar increase business operation costs for local distributors and they end up passing on this cost to the end client. This results in high cost of solar products and potentially reduced demand. The high cost of financing solar pv projects, has made it difficult to secure investment particularly for large-scale projects.
- How is Jinko Solar addressing these challenges, particularly around affordability, logistics, or after-sales service?
Jinko Solar addresses these challenges by working with local partners to whom we extend the credit facility, to make solar more accessible. Intern our local partners pass on the benefit through offering competitive prices and flexible payment terms to end clients.
Jinko also collaborate with local partners to co-organise technical training webinars, workshops and onsite events to position and share product catalogue resources to ensure Jinko partners pass on the product knowledge and effectively convey value proposition to the end client which ultimately reduces cases for after-sales services.
- Where do you see Zambia’s solar market heading in the next 3–5 years?
Zambia’s solar market is poised for significant growth in the next 3-5 years, driven by increasing electricity demand, falling technology costs, and government support for renewable energy. While the market will likely experience mixed growth rates, the overall trend is upward. This growth is expected to be largely driven by the private initiatives in C&I and utility scale segments.
- As a Sales Manager, how has your experience been so far working in Zambia’s fast-evolving solar market? What have been some of your key learnings or standout moments?
My experience has been both challenging and rewarding. The Zambia Solar industry’s growth is palpable, but navigating the complexities of a developing market requires constant learning and adaptation. Key learnings have centred around understanding the unique needs of Zambian customers and navigating the financial challenges of a market faced with currency fluctuations. Standout moments include the sale growth of Jinko shipment in the distribution segment in 2024 and the vibrance of the solar industry.
- What inspires you most about being part of the solar industry in Zambia, and what would you say to other young professionals who are considering a career in this field?
The most inspiring aspect of being part of the solar industry in Zambia is its potential to empower communities and drive sustainable development. Zambia has a relatively low electrification rate, making solar energy a crucial solution for providing power to remote communities and households. This can enable schools to have electricity for after-dark study, businesses to operate more efficiently, and individuals to have access to clean lighting. It is this impact of solar energy on the income, education and health of people that inspires me to keep pushing.
To fellow young professionals who are considering a career in the solar field, my advice is that they take time to understand the industry landscape, research and familiarise with the leading technologies. I would encourage them to begin leveraging various solar networking opportunities such as seminars, workshops, conferences and exhibition event, and participate in online solar technical webinars to learn about key market players, update on latest industry trends and emerging opportunities. This personal connections and knowledge foundation will lead to valuable insights and enhances the ability to contribute effectively.
